The Tempdb Space Used chart represents 'points in time' usage. It is populated from tempdb.sys.dm_db_file_space_usage.
The chart plots the following:
User Objects
System tables and indexes, user defined tables and indexes, global temporary tables, local temporary tables and indexes, table variables and tables returned in table-valued functions.
Internal Objects
Work tables (for cursors, spool operations, temporary large objects LOBs), work files (for hash join and hash aggregate operations), intermediate sort results (for rebuilding indexes, group by, order by and union)
Version Store
There are two version stores in Tempdb. The online index build version store is used for online index builds in all databases. The common version store is used for all other data modification operations in all databases.
Free Space
Unused space.